{"id":22823,"date":"2022-02-15T20:59:42","date_gmt":"2022-02-15T18:59:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/?p=22823"},"modified":"2025-05-05T15:46:57","modified_gmt":"2025-05-05T12:46:57","slug":"saving-bearded-vultures-in-southern-africa-through-a-captive-breeding-programme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/es\/blog\/saving-bearded-vultures-in-southern-africa-through-a-captive-breeding-programme\/","title":{"rendered":"Saving Bearded Vultures in Southern Africa through a captive breeding programme \u2013 the success of 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Without any breeding pairs of Bearded Vultures in captivity, attaining chicks in Southern Africa can be quite challenging and often entails different practices compared to our European programme.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, we document the stages of the 2021 captive breeding season for Bearded Vultures in Southern Africa, from harvesting eggs to rearing chicks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"establishing-a-captive-breeding-programme-in-southern-africa-for-bearded-vultures\"><strong>Establishing a captive breeding programme in Southern Africa for Bearded Vultures<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Bearded Vulture sub-species (<em>Gypaetus barbatus meridionalis<\/em>) living in South Africa and Lesotho is considered Critically Endangered in Southern Africa. After the species suffered more than a 30% decline in recent years, urgent action was needed to safeguard its small and isolated population, restricted to the Maloti-Drakensberg Mountains. This is where an ambitious conservation programme came to life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When the Bilateral (Lesotho and South Africa)<a href=\"https:\/\/projectvulture.org.za\/our-work\/reintroduction\/the-bearded-vulture-recovery-project\/\"> Bearded Vulture Recovery Programme<\/a> run by the Bearded Vulture Task Force took the decision in 2015 to establish a captive population in southern Africa, the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/africanraptor.co.za\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">African Raptor Centre<\/a>\u00a0based near Durban in South Africa began\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/africanraptor.co.za\/homepage\/the-bearded-vulture-conservation-project\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">#Bred4theWild<\/a>. This programme involves the captive-breeding of Bearded Vultures along the same lines as the European\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/es\/our-work\/captive-breeding\/bearded-vulture-eep\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bearded Vulture Captive Breeding Network<\/a>, coordinated by us at the Vulture Conservation Foundation (VCF) on behalf of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaza.net\/conservation\/programmes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EAZA\u2019s EEP<\/a>\u00a0(Bearded Vulture EEP).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Southern African programme aims to create a genetically viable captive population from 20-30 non-related founder birds over the upcoming years. These founder birds will be used to breed young chicks that can be released back into the wild. In 2015, the only Bearded Vulture in captivity was an adult female, Lesli, rescued from a traditional healer. So, to attain chicks, conservationists from the African Raptor Centre need to harvest second eggs from wild nests. Bearded Vultures usually produce a clutch of two eggs, but will only raise one young due to an evolutionary behaviour called \u2018canism\u2019 where the older chick kills the younger one. The team takes the second egg from the nest without affecting the wild birds and then rears the chick in captivity.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-2021-captive-breeding-season-for-bearded-vultures-in-southern-africa\"><strong>The 2021 captive breeding season for Bearded Vultures in Southern Africa<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"start-of-the-breeding-season-in-the-wild\"><strong>Start of the breeding season in the wild&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bearded-Vulture-season-starts-1024x768.png\" alt=\"Nest-cam photo taken at a known breeding pair monitored by Dr Sonja Kr\u00fcger, (Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife\" class=\"wp-image-22829\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bearded-Vulture-season-starts-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bearded-Vulture-season-starts-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bearded-Vulture-season-starts-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bearded-Vulture-season-starts.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Nest-cam photo taken at a known breeding pair monitored by Dr Sonja Kr\u00fcger\/ Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In the southern hemisphere, Bearded Vulture pair bonding and nest building take place in April and May. By mid-June, wild pairs start laying their clutches, and subsequently, the 54-day incubation period commences.\u2060 During this time, members of the<a href=\"https:\/\/projectvulture.org.za\/our-work\/reintroduction\/the-bearded-vulture-recovery-project\/\"> Bearded Vulture Recovery Programme<\/a> spread across the Maluti-Drakensberg range, monitoring known pairs to check breeding activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bearded-vulture-harvest-season\"><strong>Bearded Vulture harvest season<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" data-id=\"22832\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-harvest-climbing.png\" alt=\"Climbing to the nest to harvest eggs \u00a9 African Raptor Centre\" class=\"wp-image-22832\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-harvest-climbing.png 1200w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-harvest-climbing-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-harvest-climbing-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-harvest-climbing-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption>Climbing to the nest to harvest eggs \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" data-id=\"22831\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-harvest-nest.png\" alt=\"The double clutch in the wild nest \u00a9 African Raptor Centre\" class=\"wp-image-22831\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-harvest-nest.png 1200w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-harvest-nest-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-harvest-nest-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-harvest-nest-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption>The double clutch in the wild nest \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>By late July, the egg harvest period begins. Specialized teams face challenging landscapes, hiking and climbing high up in the mountains to access the remote Bearded Vulture nests and retrieve the second egg from each nest. Upon retrieving the eggs, the team transports them in the safest and quickest way possible to the African Raptor Centre for incubation. In the end, the team retrieved seven eggs, exceeding their initial objective of six.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"egg-incubation\"><strong>Egg incubation<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-incubation-1024x768.png\" alt=\"Eggs are exposed to outside temperatures to promote thermal shock \u00a9 African Raptor Centre\" class=\"wp-image-22833\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-incubation-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-incubation-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-incubation-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-incubation.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Eggs are exposed to outside temperatures to promote thermal shock \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Since there are no adult Bearded Vulture pairs available within the programme, the eggs need to be artificially incubated. Around four times a day, the team removes the eggs from the incubator and exposes them to outside temperatures, stimulating a thermal shock, which is a protocol developed by the VCF. The thermal shock promotes gas exchange (CO2 and O2) and, consequently, the embryo\u2019s development. Essentially, it replicates the behaviour of the parental swap in the wild, where one parent leaves the nest to forage and the other takes over the incubation duties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"egg-monitoring\"><strong>Egg monitoring<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-monitoring-candled-1024x768.png\" alt=\"The egg in the photo shows a typical picture with the dark embryo on the left and a well developed air sac on the right \u00a9 African Raptor Centre\" class=\"wp-image-22834\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-monitoring-candled-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-monitoring-candled-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-monitoring-candled-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/egg-monitoring-candled.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>The egg in the photo shows a typical picture with the dark embryo on the left and a well-developed air sac on the right \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Every evening, the harvested Bearded Vulture eggs are &#8216;candled&#8217; to monitor their development. It involves shining a light into the large end of the egg to identify embryonic movement and progress. Unfortunately, the team realised that one of the seven harvested eggs was unviable during this process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"egg-hatching\"><strong>Egg hatching<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/three-eggs-hatching-simultaneously-1024x768.png\" alt=\"Amazingly, three of the Bearded Vulture eggs started hatching simultaneously \u00a9 African Raptor Centre\" class=\"wp-image-22842\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/three-eggs-hatching-simultaneously-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/three-eggs-hatching-simultaneously-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/three-eggs-hatching-simultaneously-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/three-eggs-hatching-simultaneously.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Amazingly, three of the Bearded Vulture eggs started hatching simultaneously \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>When the chick breaks into the air sac of the egg, it begins vocalizing or chipping, signalling that hatching is around the corner. The staff\u2019s team closely monitors the hatching process and sometimes needs to assist the chicks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" data-id=\"22837\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/first-chick.png\" alt=\"The last egg retrieved during the 2021 harvest season, was also the first hatch. 48 hours after its harvest, the chick hatched, weighing in at 141 grams.\" class=\"wp-image-22837\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/first-chick.png 1200w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/first-chick-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/first-chick-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/first-chick-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption>The last egg retrieved during the 2021 harvest season, was also the first hatch \u2013 48 hours after its harvest, the chick hatched, weighing in at 141 grams \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" data-id=\"22841\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/The-size-of-the-Lesotho-chick-at-24-hours-old.-This-little-chick-is-eating-four-times-a-day-.png\" alt=\"The size of the Lesotho chick at 24-hours old. \u00a9 African Raptor Centre\" class=\"wp-image-22841\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/The-size-of-the-Lesotho-chick-at-24-hours-old.-This-little-chick-is-eating-four-times-a-day-.png 1200w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/The-size-of-the-Lesotho-chick-at-24-hours-old.-This-little-chick-is-eating-four-times-a-day--300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/The-size-of-the-Lesotho-chick-at-24-hours-old.-This-little-chick-is-eating-four-times-a-day--1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/The-size-of-the-Lesotho-chick-at-24-hours-old.-This-little-chick-is-eating-four-times-a-day--768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption>The size of the Lesotho chick at 24-hours old \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rearing-chicks\"><strong>Rearing chicks<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The team uses three important methods when rearing chicks to ensure they grow up to behave like their wild conspecifics, enabling them to breed &#8211; use of a puppet for feeding, socialization among chicks and exposure to an adult bird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"feeding-chicks-with-a-bearded-vulture-puppet\"><strong>Feeding chicks with a Bearded Vulture puppet<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/puppet-feeding-chick-2-1024x768.png\" alt=\"Using a Bearded Vulture puppet to feed the chicks helps prevent human imprinting\" class=\"wp-image-22840\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/puppet-feeding-chick-2-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/puppet-feeding-chick-2-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/puppet-feeding-chick-2-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/puppet-feeding-chick-2.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Using a Bearded Vulture puppet to feed the chicks helps prevent human imprinting \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>After a week from hatching, chicks become aware of who is feeding them. Therefore, to prevent human imprinting, where they would recognize humans as their species, the staff uses a Bearded Vulture puppet when feeding the young.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"socializing-chicks-with-one-another\"><strong>Socializing chicks with one another<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/enclosure-potholes-1024x768.png\" alt=\"Chicks can see each other but are separated with a barrier to avoid attacks \u00a9 African Raptor Centre\" class=\"wp-image-22835\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/enclosure-potholes-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/enclosure-potholes-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/enclosure-potholes-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/enclosure-potholes.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Chicks can see each other but are separated with a barrier to avoid attacks \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>They raise the chicks socially, allowing visual contact, but separated with a container or a barrier, preventing the chicks from potentially hurting each other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"exposing-chicks-to-an-adult\"><strong>Exposing chicks to an adult<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"1200\" data-id=\"22843\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Exposure-to-adult.png\" alt=\"Chick and adult \u00a9 African Raptor Centre\" class=\"wp-image-22843\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Exposure-to-adult.png 900w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Exposure-to-adult-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Exposure-to-adult-768x1024.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption>Chick and adult \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" data-id=\"22836\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/exposure-to-adult-2.png\" alt=\"Adult socializing with one of the chicks at the enclosure potholes Chick and adult \u00a9 African Raptor Centre\" class=\"wp-image-22836\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/exposure-to-adult-2.png 1200w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/exposure-to-adult-2-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/exposure-to-adult-2-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/exposure-to-adult-2-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption>Adult socializing with one of the chicks at the enclosure potholes Chick and adult \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>At 20 days of age, the chicks can thermoregulate. That&#8217;s when the team moves them outside to a rearing enclosure pothole to introduce them to the \u2018surrogate parent\u2019. The front of the pothole is barricaded to prevent the adult bird from potentially injuring the growing chick.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"determining-the-sex\"><strong>Determining the sex<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The DNA blood sexing results revealed a perfect balance of three males and three females for the 2021 harvest. Skewed sex ratios can prove a challenge in any breeding programme when it\u2019s time to pair birds. Overall, this programme has a couple more females than males in the breeding group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"monitoring-their-development\"><strong>Monitoring their development<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1549\" height=\"1785\" data-id=\"22849\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Weighing-the-chick.-.jpeg\" alt=\"Weighing one of the chicks Adult socializing with one of the chicks at the enclosure potholes Chick and adult \u00a9 African Raptor Centre\" class=\"wp-image-22849\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Weighing-the-chick.-.jpeg 1549w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Weighing-the-chick.--260x300.jpeg 260w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Weighing-the-chick.--889x1024.jpeg 889w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Weighing-the-chick.--768x885.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Weighing-the-chick.--1333x1536.jpeg 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1549px) 100vw, 1549px\" \/><figcaption>Weighing one of the chicks Adult socializing with one of the chicks at the enclosure potholes Chick and adult \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"1200\" data-id=\"22845\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Here-you-can-see-the-protective-sheath-of-keratin-that-covers-the-feather.-.png\" alt=\"Here you can see the protective sheath of keratin, that covers the feather. \u00a9 African Raptor Centre\" class=\"wp-image-22845\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Here-you-can-see-the-protective-sheath-of-keratin-that-covers-the-feather.-.png 900w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Here-you-can-see-the-protective-sheath-of-keratin-that-covers-the-feather.--225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Here-you-can-see-the-protective-sheath-of-keratin-that-covers-the-feather.--768x1024.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption>The protective sheath of keratin (the white, &#8216;straw-like&#8217; sheaths seen at the base of the feathers on the chick\u2019s wing) that covers the feather. The bird will preen to remove this covering and release the brand-new feathers. \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"1200\" data-id=\"22847\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/The-first-sign-of-the-tail-feathers-not-too-impressive-yet-.png\" alt=\"The first sign of the tail feathers \u00a9 African Raptor Centre\" class=\"wp-image-22847\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/The-first-sign-of-the-tail-feathers-not-too-impressive-yet-.png 900w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/The-first-sign-of-the-tail-feathers-not-too-impressive-yet--225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/The-first-sign-of-the-tail-feathers-not-too-impressive-yet--768x1024.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption>The first signs of the tail feathers \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The team weighs the Bearded Vulture chicks every week and records their physical development to ensure they reach their weight milestones, suggested by the Bearded Vulture EEP guidelines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-3 wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"1200\" data-id=\"22846\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/standing-up.png\" alt=\"Between 4-5 weeks, the birds can stand up!\" class=\"wp-image-22846\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/standing-up.png 900w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/standing-up-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/standing-up-768x1024.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption>Between 4-5 weeks, the birds can stand up! \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/more-feathers-less-fluff-1024x768.png\" alt=\"Bearded Vultures Southern Africa_more feathers, less fluff\" class=\"wp-image-22839\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/more-feathers-less-fluff-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/more-feathers-less-fluff-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/more-feathers-less-fluff-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/more-feathers-less-fluff.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>More feathers, less fluff \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As they develop, the young vultures have more feathers and less fluff, and the new grey and white mottled feathers almost cover their thick grey down, which is still visible on their necks and the back of their heads. These feathers form the bird\u2019s first juvenile plumage. The eye sclera also starts to become visible. The distinctive red ring around the eye of the Bearded Vulture is so characteristic of the species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fully-fledged\"><strong>Fully-fledged<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/fully-fledged-1024x768.png\" alt=\"Bearded Vultures fully-fledged \u00a9 African Raptor Centre\" class=\"wp-image-22838\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/fully-fledged-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/fully-fledged-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/fully-fledged-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/fully-fledged.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Bearded Vultures fully-fledged \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As they reach three months of age, the barriers separating Bearded Vulture chicks from each other and the older birds drop, allowing for direct interaction between them as they leave out of their nest platforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By early December, the Bearded Vulture chicks are \u2018fully-fledged,\u2019 meaning they acquired their first flight feathers and left the sanctuary of the nest for the first time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/six-months-old-1024x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"The Bearded Vultures at six months old\" class=\"wp-image-22848\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/six-months-old-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/six-months-old-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/six-months-old-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/six-months-old-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/six-months-old-1536x1536.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/six-months-old.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>The Bearded Vultures at six months old \u00a9 African Raptor Centre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The addition of these young Bearded Vultures to the programme in Southern Africa is a significant milestone. Congratulations to our partners for their brilliant work over the 2021 breeding season.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-6 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" data-id=\"22854\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/African-Raptor-Centre-logo.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22854\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/African-Raptor-Centre-logo.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/African-Raptor-Centre-logo-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"431\" height=\"400\" data-id=\"22856\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bred-4-the-Wild-logo.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22856\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bred-4-the-Wild-logo.jpeg 431w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bred-4-the-Wild-logo-300x278.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 431px) 100vw, 431px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"406\" height=\"400\" data-id=\"22855\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bearded-Vulture-Recovery-Programme-logo.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22855\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bearded-Vulture-Recovery-Programme-logo.jpeg 406w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bearded-Vulture-Recovery-Programme-logo-300x296.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 406px) 100vw, 406px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Without any breeding pairs of Bearded Vultures in captivity, attaining chicks in Southern Africa can be quite challenging and often entails different practices compared to our European programme.&nbsp; In this article, we document the stages of the 2021 captive breeding season for Bearded Vultures in Southern Africa, from harvesting eggs to rearing chicks. Establishing a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22861,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[147,12,133],"class_list":["post-22823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-2022-02","tag-beardedvulture","tag-captivebreeding"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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