{"id":35492,"date":"2023-07-10T14:22:56","date_gmt":"2023-07-10T11:22:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/?p=35492"},"modified":"2025-05-05T15:46:50","modified_gmt":"2025-05-05T12:46:50","slug":"do-vultures-choose-what-they-eat-a-study-reveals-how-vulture-culture-influences-individual-dietary-variation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/es\/blog\/do-vultures-choose-what-they-eat-a-study-reveals-how-vulture-culture-influences-individual-dietary-variation\/","title":{"rendered":"Do vultures choose what they eat? A study reveals how vulture culture influences individual dietary variation\u00a0\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>As obligate scavengers, vultures are generally considered \u201ccarrion eaters\u201d with homogeneous diets and no intra-specific diet variation. However, a <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2022.1951\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">recently published study<\/a> carried out by a team of Spanish researchers sheds light on how vulture culture (transmissible cultural traits) within a population influences the dietary variation of Griffon Vultures (<em><a href=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/es\/vultures\/griffon-vulture\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gyps fulvus<\/a><\/em>). &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Griffon-Vulture_Gyps-fulvus_Bruno-Berthemy_feeding1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-35495\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Griffon-Vulture_Gyps-fulvus_Bruno-Berthemy_feeding1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Griffon-Vulture_Gyps-fulvus_Bruno-Berthemy_feeding1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Griffon-Vulture_Gyps-fulvus_Bruno-Berthemy_feeding1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Griffon-Vulture_Gyps-fulvus_Bruno-Berthemy_feeding1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Griffon-Vulture_Gyps-fulvus_Bruno-Berthemy_feeding1-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Griffon-Vulture_Gyps-fulvus_Bruno-Berthemy_feeding1-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Griffon Vultures feeding \u00a9 Bruno Berthemy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Study reveals how vulture culture influences individual dietary variation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Diet can change at the individual level and is an essential component of natural selection in wild populations that may influence the individual\u2019s vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic hazards. Dietary specialisation can influence individual fitness and enhance reproductive isolation between individuals of the same population. Both external factors, such as food availability, energetic content or predictability, and internal factors influence dietary variation. For example, inter and intra-specific competition may force more subordinate or inexperienced individuals to consume suboptimal prey, increasing inter-individual variation in diet composition at the population level. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Authors mention that other intrinsic factors, such as body size, sex, social status or risk perception (against predators or parasitic risks on food), may also determine dietary choices. During the juvenile phase, young individuals may develop a preference for a particular area or resource by imitating their parents or other experienced individuals. These processes contribute to generating cultural patterns visible at the population level.&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Griffon Vulture, the most social of Europe\u2019s vulture species&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The Griffon Vulture <em>(Gyps fulvus) <\/em>is a very social species, roosting and breeding in large-scale colonies that can host hundreds of individuals. Carrion of domestic and wild ungulates make up most of their diet preferences, with the occasional inclusion of smaller-sized vertebrates. As obligate scavengers, they have specialised in finding resources that require low levels of manipulation. They developed highly efficient flying and foraging strategies, enabling them to roam vast areas, sometimes far from their home range. While foraging, they rely heavily on the social information obtained from their conspecifics, enhancing the chances of studying how cultural traits affect individual dietary choices in this species. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The authors studied individuals\u2019 preferences of Griffon Vultures foraging over vast areas across their home range. One of the main objectives of this study was to understand if individuals sharing the same foraging area would converge in terms of food choice or if they would retain the dietary preferences of their population of origin. &nbsp;To analyse individual dietary variations, authors followed the movements of two Spanish populations, one from Northern Spain and the other from Southern Spain, that partially overlap in their foraging area. They have analysed the type of resource consumed and mapped specific sites where they feed at a large spatial scale. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"743\" data-id=\"35497\" src=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Griffon-Vultures-perched_sergio-martinez_adobestock-1024x743.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-35497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Griffon-Vultures-perched_sergio-martinez_adobestock-1024x743.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Griffon-Vultures-perched_sergio-martinez_adobestock-300x218.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Griffon-Vultures-perched_sergio-martinez_adobestock-768x557.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Griffon-Vultures-perched_sergio-martinez_adobestock-1536x1115.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Griffon-Vultures-perched_sergio-martinez_adobestock-2048x1486.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Griffon-Vultures-perched_sergio-martinez_adobestock-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"896\" height=\"892\" data-id=\"11160\" src=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/griffon-vulture-thumbnail.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/griffon-vulture-thumbnail.png 896w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/griffon-vulture-thumbnail-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/griffon-vulture-thumbnail-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/griffon-vulture-thumbnail-768x765.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 896px) 100vw, 896px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Analysing individual vulture dietary preferences of two Spanish Griffon Vulture populations&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers combined GPS tracking and accelerometers with fieldwork to investigate&nbsp;individual dietary variation in 55 Griffon Vultures.&nbsp;One group of birds from Southern Spain (26 individuals) inhabited a mountainous region, with Mediterranean woodlands and pastureland used for extensive livestock production. Whilst the Northern Spain group (29 individuals) was surrounded by mid-size mountains that are more anthropised, where intensive agriculture and livestock practices prevail. Resources are abundant in both areas, and both groups overlapped in southwestern Spain, where domestics and wild ungulates are also abundant. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The authors found a high similarity in birds\u2019 diets from the same population, while birds from different populations differed in their selection of carcasses and feeding sites. Individuals from the&nbsp;northern highly modified ecosystem consumed more anthropic resources (e.g. stabled livestock or rubbish), resulting in more homogeneous diets. By contrast, individuals from the wilder colonies located in Southern Spain consumed more unpredictable resources, such as wild ungulates, and had a higher level of diet variability at the population scale. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In addition, vultures from the southern population used a greater variety of feeding sites, mainly hunting properties (26,6% feeding events) and intensive farms (24%). The northern group frequently used anthropic and predictable resources, such as carcass-dumping sites (36,3%), intensive farms (34,6%) and landfills (10,7%).&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"964\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/arrond-et-al.2023_Vulture-culture_dietary-variations-on-Griffon-Vultures-964x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-35494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/arrond-et-al.2023_Vulture-culture_dietary-variations-on-Griffon-Vultures-964x1024.png 964w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/arrond-et-al.2023_Vulture-culture_dietary-variations-on-Griffon-Vultures-282x300.png 282w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/arrond-et-al.2023_Vulture-culture_dietary-variations-on-Griffon-Vultures-768x816.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/arrond-et-al.2023_Vulture-culture_dietary-variations-on-Griffon-Vultures-11x12.png 11w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/arrond-et-al.2023_Vulture-culture_dietary-variations-on-Griffon-Vultures.png 1388w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 964px) 100vw, 964px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Maps representing the distribution of feeding events by GPS-tracked Griffon Vultures, according to different feeding sites \u00a9 Arrondo et al. 2023<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"722\" height=\"434\" data-id=\"35500\" src=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-35500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image.png 722w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"436\" data-id=\"35503\" src=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-35503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-2.png 724w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-2-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-2-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"722\" height=\"436\" data-id=\"35502\" src=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-35502\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-1.png 722w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-1-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Feeding sites visited (1) and food consumed by the different groups (2 and 3), based on Arrondo et al. 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultural traits may influence individual dietary variations\u00a0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, individuals tended to appear closer to others from their population in shared foraging areas. This result supports the potential role of social learning in influencing the trophic niche of Griffon Vultures. Transmission of cultural traits might be facilitated by the high cognitive capacity of vultures and their complex social behaviours.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>\u201cThe diet of vultures within the shared foraging area differed significantly according to their population of provenance<\/em>&nbsp;<em>(for feeding site) suggesting that individual vulture diets are mostly driven by learnt cultural traits.\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<cite>Arrondo et al. 2023<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Authors also suggest that sex might be influencing the observed patterns, with \u201cmales being more likely to consume predictable resources than females\u201d. &nbsp;As foraging on predictable resources in anthropised landscapes is associated with higher mortality risks (e.g. poisoning, higher exposure to pharmaceuticals, collision with powerlines), this behaviour could result in higher mortality of males, potentially impacting population dynamics. Further research is needed to assess the long-term effects of intra-and inter-population variation in diet composition.<em> <\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Individual dietary variation may affect a vulture\u2019s fitness and ability to cope with unpredicted changes. Authors suggest that the increasing homogenisation of carrion resources \u2013 towards more anthropic and predictable sources \u2013 can lead to important changes in cultural traits and disruptions of feeding-related evolutionary processes, advocating for wider areas of natural landscapes and extensive livestock production for the provisioning of safer food sources for vultures. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: Arrondo E, Sebasti\u00e1n-Gonz\u00e1lez E, Mole\u00f3n M, Morales-Reyes Z, Mar\u00eda&nbsp;Gil-S\u00e1nchez J, Cort\u00e9s-Avizanda A, Ceballos O, Don\u00e1zar JA, S\u00e1nchez-Zapata JA. 2023 <strong>Vulture culture: dietary specialisation of an obligate scavenger<\/strong>. Proc. R. Soc. B 290: 20221951.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2022.1951\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2022.1951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Vulture-culture_dietary-specialization-of-an-obligate-scavenger_Arrondo-et-al.-2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download the complete article here. <\/a><\/h5>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As obligate scavengers, vultures are generally considered \u201ccarrion eaters\u201d with homogeneous diets and no intra-specific diet variation. However, a recently published study carried out by a team of Spanish researchers sheds light on how vulture culture (transmissible cultural traits) within a population influences the dietary variation of Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus). &nbsp;&nbsp; Study reveals how [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":35495,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[246,253,16,30],"class_list":["post-35492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-2023-07","tag-diet","tag-griffonvulture","tag-research"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Do vultures choose what they eat? A study reveals how vulture culture influences individual dietary variation\u00a0\u00a0 - Vulture Conservation Foundation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A study led by Spanish researchers found out how Vulture Culture (transmissible cultural traits) influence individual dietary variation.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/es\/blog\/do-vultures-choose-what-they-eat-a-study-reveals-how-vulture-culture-influences-individual-dietary-variation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Do vultures choose what they eat? 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