{"id":37231,"date":"2024-05-16T20:21:37","date_gmt":"2024-05-16T17:21:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/?p=37231"},"modified":"2025-05-05T15:46:45","modified_gmt":"2025-05-05T12:46:45","slug":"best-practices-for-eu-sanitary-regulations-to-benefit-vultures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/es\/blog\/best-practices-for-eu-sanitary-regulations-to-benefit-vultures\/","title":{"rendered":"Best practices for EU sanitary regulations to benefit vultures"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Griffon-Vultures-in-Croatia_LIFE-SUPport-.png\" alt=\"Griffon Vultures perching on a tree \u00a9 LIFE SUPport\" class=\"wp-image-37236\" style=\"width:836px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Griffon-Vultures-in-Croatia_LIFE-SUPport-.png 900w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Griffon-Vultures-in-Croatia_LIFE-SUPport--300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Griffon-Vultures-in-Croatia_LIFE-SUPport--768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Griffon-Vultures-in-Croatia_LIFE-SUPport--16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Griffon Vultures perching on a tree \u00a9 LIFE SUPport<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As apex scavengers, vultures require proper EU sanitary regulations to access safe, consistent food supplies through supplementary feeding programmes to promote their survival, ensuring they continue playing their important role in maintaining healthy ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The intricate relationship between EU sanitary regulations and the sustainability of vulture populations was the central theme of the workshop, &#8220;Best Practices Regarding the Implementation of EU Sanitary Regulations in Nature Conservation,&#8221; held in Opatija, Croatia, from 18-19 April 2024, within the <a href=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/es\/blog\/new-project-life-support\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LIFE SUPport project<\/a>. This event, organized by the Vulture Conservation Foundation (VCF) in collaboration with Association BIOM and Public Institution \u201cPriroda\u201d, brought together 23 experts from various European countries to strategize on protecting vulture populations through supplementary feeding and regulatory support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" data-id=\"37237\" src=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Overview-of-Croatian-legislation-regarding-relevant-to-disposal-of-dead-animals-and-animal-by-products.-Vlatka-Tomasic-Ministry-of-Agriculture-Veterinary-Directorate.png\" alt=\"Overview of Croatian legislation regarding relevant to disposal of dead animals and animal by-products. Vlatka Tomas\u030cic\u0301, Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary Directorate\" class=\"wp-image-37237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Overview-of-Croatian-legislation-regarding-relevant-to-disposal-of-dead-animals-and-animal-by-products.-Vlatka-Tomasic-Ministry-of-Agriculture-Veterinary-Directorate.png 900w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Overview-of-Croatian-legislation-regarding-relevant-to-disposal-of-dead-animals-and-animal-by-products.-Vlatka-Tomasic-Ministry-of-Agriculture-Veterinary-Directorate-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Overview-of-Croatian-legislation-regarding-relevant-to-disposal-of-dead-animals-and-animal-by-products.-Vlatka-Tomasic-Ministry-of-Agriculture-Veterinary-Directorate-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Overview-of-Croatian-legislation-regarding-relevant-to-disposal-of-dead-animals-and-animal-by-products.-Vlatka-Tomasic-Ministry-of-Agriculture-Veterinary-Directorate-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Overview of Croatian legislation regarding relevant to disposal of dead animals and animal by-products &#8211; Vlatka Tomas\u030cic\u0301, Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary Directorate<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" data-id=\"37238\" src=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Pastoral-practices-in-the-Kvarner-islands-reality-and-challenges.-PZ-Krk-Udruga-Pramenka.png\" alt=\"Pastoral practices in the Kvarner islands - reality and challenges. PZ Krk, Udruga Pramenka\" class=\"wp-image-37238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Pastoral-practices-in-the-Kvarner-islands-reality-and-challenges.-PZ-Krk-Udruga-Pramenka.png 900w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Pastoral-practices-in-the-Kvarner-islands-reality-and-challenges.-PZ-Krk-Udruga-Pramenka-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Pastoral-practices-in-the-Kvarner-islands-reality-and-challenges.-PZ-Krk-Udruga-Pramenka-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Pastoral-practices-in-the-Kvarner-islands-reality-and-challenges.-PZ-Krk-Udruga-Pramenka-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Pastoral practices in the Kvarner islands &#8211; reality and challenges &#8211; PZ Krk, Udruga Pramenka<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Link&nbsp;between limited food availability for vultures and EU sanitary regulations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In recent years, the challenge of maintaining adequate food sources for vultures has been magnified by stringent sanitary measures across Europe, which often restrict the availability of carrion from domestic carcasses. The EU regulations 1069\/2009 and 142\/2011 have emerged as crucial mechanisms that allow for the controlled use of animal by-products and carcasses, providing a vital food supply for vultures affected by natural food shortages. This legislative framework is designed to bridge the gap between the need for sanitary control of animal remains and the ecological necessity of feeding vultures, which helps to prevent the accumulation of potentially hazardous biomass in the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Workshop objectives and target audience<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The workshop aimed to shed light on the ecological importance of vultures and explore the EU sanitary regulations&nbsp;in depth, addressing their implementation and impact on vulture conservation efforts across Europe. By gathering experts, including policymakers, national and regional authorities, conservation organizations and local agricultural communities, the event sought to foster a comprehensive understanding of how EU sanitary regulations can be optimized to support vulture populations while still maintaining public health and safety standards. Essentially, the workshop educated and engaged key&nbsp;stakeholders&nbsp;shared best&nbsp;practices and evaluated the feasibility of establishing new feeding stations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key insights&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Regulatory framework and supplementary&nbsp;feeding<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>EU Regulations and vulture feeding<\/strong>: The EU regulations 1069\/2009 and 142\/2011&nbsp;were highlighted&nbsp;as essential frameworks&nbsp;that allow using animal by-products and carcasses for vulture feeding, helping maintain vulture populations by ensuring a steady food supply,&nbsp;crucial&nbsp;as natural food availability declines.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Supplementary feeding practices<\/strong>: Examples from Spain and Portugal showcased successful supplementary feeding programmes. Spain&#8217;s approach, integrated through Royal Decree 1632\/2011, serves as a practical model and blueprint for other nations that&nbsp;prioritizes&nbsp;natural food availability at designated feeding sites, enhancing ecological services and vulture conservation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Supplementary-feeding-for-Vultures-in-Spain-current-situation-strategies-legislation-volumes-and-impacts.-Ruben-Moreno-Opo-MITECO.png\" alt=\"Supplementary feeding for Vultures in Spain current situation, strategies, legislation, volumes and impacts. Ruben Moreno-Opo, MITECO\" class=\"wp-image-37239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Supplementary-feeding-for-Vultures-in-Spain-current-situation-strategies-legislation-volumes-and-impacts.-Ruben-Moreno-Opo-MITECO.png 900w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Supplementary-feeding-for-Vultures-in-Spain-current-situation-strategies-legislation-volumes-and-impacts.-Ruben-Moreno-Opo-MITECO-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Supplementary-feeding-for-Vultures-in-Spain-current-situation-strategies-legislation-volumes-and-impacts.-Ruben-Moreno-Opo-MITECO-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Supplementary-feeding-for-Vultures-in-Spain-current-situation-strategies-legislation-volumes-and-impacts.-Ruben-Moreno-Opo-MITECO-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Supplementary feeding for Vultures in Spain current situation, strategies, legislation, volumes and impacts by Ruben Moreno-Opo, MITECO<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Challenges in implementation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Legislative synchronization<\/strong>: There is a need for better synchronization between EU regulations and national laws to facilitate supplementary feeding across Europe. The complexities of legislative frameworks and their practical implementation were a focal point, emphasizing the need for amendments to enhance conservation efforts. For example, Croatia, despite well-aligned national legislation, faces challenges in implementing these practices outside designated feeding stations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Research and monitoring<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Food availability<\/strong>: The workshop discussed the insufficient food availability for vultures in the Balkans, highlighting that existing feeding sites meet only a small fraction of the vultures\u2019 dietary needs, according to studies. Detailed studies on food availability, particularly in the Balkan region, point to the urgent need for increased and strategically located supplementary feeding stations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Movement analysis<\/strong>: Detailed tracking of vulture movements is essential not only for understanding their ecological impact but also for monitoring potential threats such as poisoning and electrocution to refine conservation strategies. The LIFE SUPport project plans to tag 25 vultures, with an emphasis on tagging more adult birds, to enhance movement analysis and conservation strategies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Important-Areas-for-vultures-in-the-Balkan-Peninsula.-Hristo-Peshev-Fund-for-Wild-Flora-and-Fauna-Bulgaria.png\" alt=\"Important Areas for vultures in the Balkan Peninsula. Hristo Peshev, Fund for Wild Flora and Fauna, Bulgaria\" class=\"wp-image-37240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Important-Areas-for-vultures-in-the-Balkan-Peninsula.-Hristo-Peshev-Fund-for-Wild-Flora-and-Fauna-Bulgaria.png 900w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Important-Areas-for-vultures-in-the-Balkan-Peninsula.-Hristo-Peshev-Fund-for-Wild-Flora-and-Fauna-Bulgaria-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Important-Areas-for-vultures-in-the-Balkan-Peninsula.-Hristo-Peshev-Fund-for-Wild-Flora-and-Fauna-Bulgaria-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Important-Areas-for-vultures-in-the-Balkan-Peninsula.-Hristo-Peshev-Fund-for-Wild-Flora-and-Fauna-Bulgaria-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Important Areas for vultures in the Balkan Peninsula by Hristo Peshev, Fund for Wild Flora and Fauna, Bulgaria<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Important outcomes and recommendations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Conservation tool and limiting factor<\/strong>: Sanitary regulations play a dual role as both a conservation tool and a potential limiting factor for the recovery of existing vulture populations. Their careful implementation is crucial for maintaining vulture populations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ecological role of vultures<\/strong>: Vultures perform a critical sanitary role in the environment by scavenging dead biomass, which helps in disease control and nutrient cycling. Losing them could have severe ecological repercussions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Supplementary feeding as a conservation strategy<\/strong>: Supplementary feeding is vital for mitigating food shortages, reducing the risk of poisoning, expanding distribution, fixing reintroduced birds to new areas, and restoring eco-sanitary services.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Spanish model of&nbsp;supplementary feeding<\/strong>: This proactive model is an excellent example of how legal and technical requirements, such as the abandonment of carcasses within Protected Animal Feeding Stations (PAFs) and periodical national coordination, can enhance the ecological services provided by vultures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tagging and monitoring<\/strong>: Increasing the number of tagged vultures is essential for more detailed movement analyses, which can help in applying preventive measures against threats and improving conservation strategies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On the last day, a field trip to U\u010dka Nature Park highlighted the practical aspects of vulture conservation. Observations and interactions underscored the need for pragmatic approaches to conservation that incorporate both ecological and community needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/LIFE-Support-group-photo-at-EU-sanitary-workshop-1024x768.png\" alt=\"LIFE Support group photo at EU sanitary workshop in Croatia\" class=\"wp-image-37235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/LIFE-Support-group-photo-at-EU-sanitary-workshop-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/LIFE-Support-group-photo-at-EU-sanitary-workshop-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/LIFE-Support-group-photo-at-EU-sanitary-workshop-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/LIFE-Support-group-photo-at-EU-sanitary-workshop-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/LIFE-Support-group-photo-at-EU-sanitary-workshop.png 1050w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The workshop concluded with a strong commitment to improving conditions for vulture conservation through better regulatory practices and collaborative efforts across Europe. By ensuring that sanitary regulations are tailored to meet the needs of conservation, stakeholders can significantly contribute to the sustainability of vulture populations, which play a vital role in maintaining the health and biodiversity of their habitats.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">LIFE SUPport<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"467\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/LIFE-SUPport_logo.png\" alt=\"LIFE SUPport project logo\" class=\"wp-image-31466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/LIFE-SUPport_logo.png 560w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/LIFE-SUPport_logo-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/LIFE-SUPport_logo-14x12.png 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>La\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/es\/blog\/new-project-life-support\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LIFE SUPport\u00a0<\/a>project aims to strengthen Croatia\u2019s endangered Griffon Vulture (<em>Gyps fulvus<\/em>)\u00a0population. A 5-year project co-financed by the EU\u2019s\u00a0LIFE Programme will create better conditions for the species to thrive and recolonize its historical breeding ground on the Croatian mainland. The project aims to improve breeding and survival conditions, minimise nest disturbance, reduce nestling mortality, tackle the threat of poison,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/es\/blog\/protecting-griffon-vultures-from-electrocution-in-croatia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mitigate collision and electrocution risks,<\/a>\u00a0and increase food availability.\u00a0The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/es\/blog\/new-project-life-support\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LIFE SUPport<\/a> project\u00a0is a 2.1 million project from January 2023 until December 2027. It is a joint effort led by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.biom.hr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BIOM<\/a>\u00a0with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ju-priroda.hr\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Public Institution Priroda<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pz-otok-krk.hr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Otok Krk Agricultural Cooperative<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hep.hr\/ods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">HEP \u2013 Operator distribucijskog sustava d.o.o.<\/a>, the energy distribution company, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vulture Conservation Foundation<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cleanenergywire.org\/experts\/ministry-economy-and-sustainable-development-croatia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Croatian Nature Protection Directorate (Ministry of Economy)<\/a>\u00a0as associate partners.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"235\" src=\"http:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/LIFE-SUPport_partners-banner-1024x235.jpg\" alt=\"LIFE SUPport project partners funders logo\" class=\"wp-image-31469\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/LIFE-SUPport_partners-banner-1024x235.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/LIFE-SUPport_partners-banner-300x69.jpg 300w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/LIFE-SUPport_partners-banner-768x177.jpg 768w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/LIFE-SUPport_partners-banner-1536x353.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/LIFE-SUPport_partners-banner-18x4.jpg 18w, https:\/\/4vultures.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/LIFE-SUPport_partners-banner.jpg 1731w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As apex scavengers, vultures require proper EU sanitary regulations to access safe, consistent food supplies through supplementary feeding programmes to promote their survival, ensuring they continue playing their important role in maintaining healthy ecosystems. The intricate relationship between EU sanitary regulations and the sustainability of vulture populations was the central theme of the workshop, &#8220;Best [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":37236,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[355,16,182,50],"class_list":["post-37231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-2024-05","tag-griffonvulture","tag-lifesupport","tag-tacklingthreats"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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